1) Why is representation an important concept in Media Studies?
representation is an important concept in media studies because representation makes us have an opinion on a person,place or object.
2) How does the example of Kate Middleton show the way different meanings can be created in the media?
3) Summarise the section 'The how, who and why of media representation' in 50 words.
all media products have a special function in which they show the impact of the representation and producers look at many factors when showing a representation like what the expectations and needs of the target audience are and they also look at how they will narrate their product.furthermore media representation is keeps showing things which repeatedly the same to show that everything is very natural.
4) How does Stuart Hall's theory of preferred and op positional readings fit with representation?
his theory fits in with this article because this article shows two wallpaper-first one is old fashioned and there a new one which makes people have different opinion so these representation are created by producer which show the audience a message which can be liked by the audience and have a positive opinion on the wallpapers which is preferred and can be disliked by the audience and have negative opinion on the wallpapers which is op positional reading.
5) How has new technology changed the way representations are created in the media?
The new technology changed the way of representation because now people can make and share their own media which can make representation for example writing a review about something or sharing something in social media which can be shown too your friends and family.another example is you tuber which are making videos about topics which can make the audience form an opinion on the person.place or object.
6) What example is provided of how national identity is represented in Britain - and how some audiences use social media to challenge this?
An Example: Representing National Identity in Old and New Media
Old media forms have always attempted to define and construct an identity for their audience, using certain types of representation to prescribe how people think about themselves and others.Therefore the new media like social media allows people to show construct and show their own opinion to everyone.in addition the traditional opinions are minimising because of social media a social media has allowed all different type of people to represent their opinion.
Write a short paragraph for each theory picking out aspects of the trailer that could be linked to that particular theory.
Richard dyer:The theory links to the trailer because this trailer shows people who are powerful like the male in the trailer are very violent and also show the women who are shown as less powerful and are dependent to the male.furthermore the theory is also about people making an opinion on everyone in the group which are shown by some people's characteristics and that is shown by the portrayal of the Europeans.
medhurst: This theory also links with dyer's theory but this theory is mainly about the shorthand for identification and mainly show the negative representation of minority groups which is shown by the trailer by showing eastern Europe to be a very dangerous and unsafe place and that all euorpean characters shown in the film are all villains.
Perkins:This theory is showing stereotypes which are positive and are often true which in the trailer is shown by how men are physical and how women have a different approach towards being conflict.
mulvey: This theory is showing the dominant view of media of men and the benefit of men and how women are meant to look top to them.This is shown by the representation of male and how muscling is shown by the media as very strong an dominant that they are the one who do all the physical activities and women are meant to look up to them.
Levi-strauss:This theory is showing how representations in the media are informed by ideology and how things are created to make a dominant or preferred representation which in this trailer is shown by the portrayal of eastern european as they are shown as a villain which is by showing how they kidnapped someone's daughter.in addition some people might agree with this portrayal and some people might not agree with this because they might believe that eastern european people are nice which can be the opposite of the portrayal of them in this trailer.
Saturday, January 19, 2019
introduction to representation
1) List the different people/groups represented in the trailer (men/women/Americans etc.)
American white man
American white women
European men
2) For each group you identify, decide whether the representation is a dominant or alternative portrayal. Explain why you think this.
The American white male is seen to be having a dominant portrayal because in the trailer they show how physically active they are and how violent they are which is expected by Americans and the white women are also shown dominant as they are shown as they are week which is also expected.however the alternative portrayal is of the europeans which are shown to be very dangerous as they kidnap someone's daughter.
3) What stereotypes can you identify in the trailer?
one of the stereotypes shown in the trailer is that women are weaker than male and need help from male when they are in a difficult situation.
4) Why might the Taken trailer offend or alienate certain groups?
The taken trailer might offend people from Europe as they show Europe as a bad and dangerous place and America as a very safe place.furthermore it also can offend women as women are shown weak and dependent to men.
5) Why do mainstream film and television texts such as Taken so often use stereotypes?
Mainstream film and television often use stereotypes because stereotypes can connect people together and also make the film and television more entertaining for people to watch.
Monday, January 14, 2019
Regulation
1) What is regulation and why do media industries need to be regulated?
regulations are required rules which help you work fairly in a organisation.
2) What is OFCOM responsible for?
OFCOM is responsible for regulating television, radio, telephone services and some aspects of the internet, although the areas most relevant to media students are TV and radio
3) Look at the section on the OFCOM broadcasting code. Which do you think are the three most important sections of the broadcasting code and why?
The three important sections are 4) Do you agree with OFCOM that Channel 4 was wrong to broadcast 'Wolverine' at 6.55pm on a Sunday evening? Why?
yes because channel 4 I is for people to watch news and get information which means showing wolverine doesn't make sense for the channel as the channel is not meant to show entertainment.
5) List five of the sections in the old Press Complaints Commission's Code of Practice.
The press complaints commission criticised because of lack of statuary power
8) What was the PCC replaced with in 2014?
The PCC was replaced by IPSO IN 2014.
9) What is your opinion on press regulation? Is a free press an important part of living in a democracy or should newspapers face statutory regulation like TV and radio?
in my opinion the press regulation should be only regulated to an extent which give information to us which is important and true.
10) Why is the internet so difficult to regulate?
The internet is difficult to regulate because the internet cannot be easily manage by anyone as it is being used by 3.2 billion people around the world by many different people so it is very hard to regulate the internet.furthermore there are different governments which also makes it harder for them to regulate their government.
regulations are required rules which help you work fairly in a organisation.
2) What is OFCOM responsible for?
OFCOM is responsible for regulating television, radio, telephone services and some aspects of the internet, although the areas most relevant to media students are TV and radio
3) Look at the section on the OFCOM broadcasting code. Which do you think are the three most important sections of the broadcasting code and why?
The three important sections are 4) Do you agree with OFCOM that Channel 4 was wrong to broadcast 'Wolverine' at 6.55pm on a Sunday evening? Why?
yes because channel 4 I is for people to watch news and get information which means showing wolverine doesn't make sense for the channel as the channel is not meant to show entertainment.
5) List five of the sections in the old Press Complaints Commission's Code of Practice.
- Accuracy
- Opportunity to Reply
- Privacy*
- Harassment*
- Intrusion Into Grief and Shock
The press complaints commission criticised because of lack of statuary power
8) What was the PCC replaced with in 2014?
The PCC was replaced by IPSO IN 2014.
9) What is your opinion on press regulation? Is a free press an important part of living in a democracy or should newspapers face statutory regulation like TV and radio?
in my opinion the press regulation should be only regulated to an extent which give information to us which is important and true.
10) Why is the internet so difficult to regulate?
The internet is difficult to regulate because the internet cannot be easily manage by anyone as it is being used by 3.2 billion people around the world by many different people so it is very hard to regulate the internet.furthermore there are different governments which also makes it harder for them to regulate their government.
Tuesday, January 1, 2019
MIGRAIN: The Cultural Industries
One of the most important aspects of the Industries key concept is how the cultural industries are structured and the influence they have in society.
Academic and media theorist David Hesmondhalgh has written extensively about the Cultural Industries and A Level Media students need to develop an understanding of his work.
Cultural Industries: notes
Hesmondhalgh discusses the way the cultural industries operate and explores their effect on audiences: “Of one thing there can be no doubt: the media do have influence.”
He points out that societies with profitable cultural industries (e.g. USA, UK) tend to be dominated by large companies, have minimal government regulation and significant inequality between rich and poor.
Do cultural industries reinforce these conditions?
The cultural industries: a risky business
Hesmondhalgh acknowledges that media companies are operating a risky business. There is no guarantee a creative product will be a success.
They offset this risk both creatively and through business structure. In terms of media products, they use stars, sequels and well-known genres.
In terms of business, they use vertical integration and diversification to spread their risk and maximise profit.
Commodification
Hesmondhalgh discusses commodification in the cultural industries (turning everything into something that can be bought or sold).
He suggests this creates problems on both the consumption and production side. For the production side, he points to certain areas of the cultural industries where people are not fairly rewarded.
Hesmondhalgh: diversity in the media
Hesmondhalgh has explored whether the cultural industries truly reflect the diversity of people and society.
Hesmondhalgh references Mosco (1996): “There is a difference between multiplicity – a large number of voices – and diversity – whether or not these voices are actually offering different things from each other.”
Despite their size, are the cultural industries dominated by a narrow range of values and ideologies?
Cultural Industries: blog task
Go to our Media Factsheet archive on the Media Shared drive and open Factsheet 168: David Hesmondhalgh’s ‘The Cultural Industries’. Our Media Factsheet archive is on the Media Shared drive: M:\Resources\A Level\Media Factsheets
Read the Factsheet and complete the following questions/tasks:
1) What does the term 'Cultural Industries' actually refer to?
culture industries refer to text which show culture or artistic value.2) What does Hesmondhalgh identify regarding the societies in which the cultural industries are highly profitable?
Hesmondhalgh identifies that the societies in which the cultural
industries are highly profitable tend to be societies that support the
conditions where large companies, and their political allies, make
money
3) Why do some media products offer ideologies that challenge capitalism or inequalities in society?
media products offer ideologies that challenge capitalism or inequalities in society because they don't want you to keep a biased opinion so they show both the sides.
4) Look at page 2 of the factsheet. What are the problems that Hesmondhalgh identifies with regards to the cultural industries?
Risky business
• Creativity versus commerce
• High production costs and low reproduction costs
• Semi-public goods; the need to create scarcity
5) Why are so many cultural industries a 'risky business' for the companies involved?
They are a risky business because companies cannot control the judgement that they get from the audiences.
6) What is your opinion on the creativity v commerce debate? Should the media be all about profit or are media products a form of artistic expression that play an important role in society?
in my opinion the media should be more creative and that media products are the best way to give or show a message to the audience.
7) How do cultural industry companies minimise their risks and maximise their profits? (Clue: your work on Industries - Ownership and control will help here)
the companies minimise their risk and maximise their profits by showing content which is more original and is something related to everyone's life
.8) Do you agree that the way the cultural industries operate reflects the inequalities and injustices of wider society? Should the content creators, the creative minds behind media products, be better rewarded for their work?
I agree with this statement and I believe the person should be awarded for the media content that they are presenting us.
9) What is commodification?
commodification means making things which are only useful and are easily exchangeable.
10) Do you agree with the argument that while there are a huge number of media texts created, they fail to reflect the diversity of people or opinion in wider society?
yes I agree with this statement because everyone has a different opinion to each other which can because of their backgrounds and race so we cannot have the opinion or something which is agreed by everyone.
11) How does Hesmondhalgh suggest the cultural industries have changed? Identify the three most significant developments and explain why you think they are the most important.
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